| Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) | Metataxonomics (16S rRNA gene sequencing) |
| Whole-exome sequencing (WES) | Noncoding RNA sequencing (lncRNA and circRNA) |
| Somatic and germline single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) | Targeted-gene sequencing/panels (TGPs) |
| Copy number variants (CNVs) | Microarray (Affymetrix, Agilent, and Illumina) |
| Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) | Pan-genome analysis (core genome and accessory genome) |
| RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) | Genome assembly (de novo and reference-based) and annotation |
| Gene fusions from RNA sequencing data | Phylogenetic analysis (sequence identity, wgMLST and SNP-based) |
| Small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) | Genotypic characterization of antibiotic-resistant in bacteria |
| Ribosome sequencing (Ribo-seq) | Gene ontology and pathway analysis (GSEA, ORA and GSVA) |
| Methylation sequencing (Methyl-seq) | Interaction network (generic PPI, gene-disease association, gene-miRNA) |
| Illumina Bead Chip Array (HumanMethylation450/EPIC) | Molecular docking and simulation |
| Metagenomics (whole shotgun metagenomic sequencing) | Artificial intelligence (ML-DL model) in health care |
